Glossary · EV charging
Charging Modes (Mode 1–4)
The IEC 61851 classification of EV charging, from a plain socket with no communication (Mode 1) to a DC fast charger (Mode 4).
Technical level:Intermediate
Mode 1 is a connection to an ordinary socket with no communication with the vehicle and is practically no longer used for cars. Mode 2 is the portable cable with a control and protection box built into the cable, plugged into a household or industrial socket. Mode 3 is the AC station, meaning a wallbox or a public Type 2 station, with communication and protection. Mode 4 is DC charging with a cable permanently attached to the station.
For everyday charging at home, Mode 3 is the right solution; Mode 2 is meant for occasional or emergency use.
A common mistake is charging for hours in Mode 2 from an old socket or an extension lead, where the contacts overheat. Use only a socket in good condition and never a multi-socket adapter.
Related terms
- DC ChargingFast charging in which the station converts power to direct current and feeds it straight into the battery, typically at 50 to 350 kW.
- Fast ChargingA charging method that restores battery capacity quickly without damage by controlling current, voltage and temperature.
- Wallbox (home wall charger)A wall-mounted EV charger that charges with AC from its own circuit in the panel and communicates with the vehicle for safe charging.
- Alarm ContactA relay output on a UPS that changes state on an alarm, such as battery mode, low battery or a fault, to alert an external system.
- CHAdeMOA Japanese DC fast-charging standard with its own separate connector, now giving way to CCS2 in Europe.
- DC EfficiencyMeasures how effectively a UPS converts battery power into output power during battery mode.