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ITGlossary · UPS technology
Rectifier/Charger
A UPS component that converts AC to DC and charges the battery.
Technical level:Intermediate
Every UPS contains a circuit that converts the AC mains voltage to DC. In small UPS units this function is usually limited to charging the batteries, whereas in double-conversion UPS systems the rectifier also continuously feeds the inverter with the full load power. Modern designs include power factor correction (PFC) to keep input harmonics low.
The charger determines how quickly the batteries recover after an outage and has a direct effect on their service life, since the wrong charging voltage or a lack of temperature compensation wears them out prematurely.
A practical tip: when adding external batteries, check that the charging current is sufficient to recharge them in a reasonable time; large battery banks may need a stronger or additional charger.
Related terms
- AC ChargingCharging with alternating current, where the vehicle's on-board charger converts it to direct current to fill the battery.
- DC ChargingFast charging in which the station converts power to direct current and feeds it straight into the battery, typically at 50 to 350 kW.
- InverterThe component inside a UPS that converts DC power from batteries back to usable AC power.
- AC RippleA small unwanted AC component on the DC charging voltage of a UPS that heats the batteries and shortens their life.
- Cold Start FunctionA feature that allows a UPS to be started directly from the battery without utility power.
- DC EfficiencyMeasures how effectively a UPS converts battery power into output power during battery mode.